Unit 8 – Verbs with Objects

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Unit 8 – Verbs with Objects

8.1 Dialogue.

       
A. ni ʔə čxʷ wəł ʔəłtən? ‘Did you already eat?’
  ni cən q̓ʷələt k̓ʷ səplin. ‘I baked some bread.’
B. hay čxʷ q̓aʔ. ‘Thank you.’
  ʔi cən təw k̓ʷak̓ʷəy. ‘I’m a little hungry.’
  ni cən ʔəw θəyt kʷθə nə sew̓ən. ‘I made my lunch but my little brother took it.’
  ni kʷənətəs kʷθə nə sqeʔeq.  
A. sc̓ec̓ən̓ ʔəw qəl. ‘That’s really bad!’
  c̓əkʷx̌t cən ceʔ k̓ʷ sqewθ. ‘I’ll fry you some potatoes.’

8.2 Vocabulary: verbs with objects.

     
kʷənət ‘take it’
qʷəl̓st ‘boil it’
θəyt ‘make it’, ‘build it’, ‘fix it’
q̓aʔt ‘add it’
maləqʷət ‘mix it’
q̓pət ‘gather it’
yak̓ʷət ‘break it up’
nəp̓əx ‘eat it’
q̓ʷələt ‘cook it’
c̓əkʷx̌t ‘fry it’
c̓əy̓xʷt ‘dry it’
ʔep̓ət ‘wipe it’
x̌əl̓ət ‘write it’
(xʷ)tqet ‘close it’, ‘turn it off’
xʷmeʔx ‘open it’
ƛ̓əkʷənt ‘turn it off’ (the light)
θəyqʷt ‘dig it’
pənət ‘bury it’, ‘plant it’
ʔiləqət ‘buy it’
k̓ʷecət ‘look at it’

8.3 Transitive verbs.

Form a transitive verb (a verb with a subject and an object) by adding the suffix -(ə)t or -(ə)x.

     
q̓aʔ ‘get added’ q̓aʔt ‘add it’
q̓ʷəl ‘get cooked’ q̓ʷələt ‘cook it’
q̓əp ‘get gathered’ q̓pət ‘gather it’
meʔ ‘come off’ xʷmeʔx ‘open it’

8.4 Transitive clauses.

     
q̓ʷələt cən ceʔ. ‘I will cook it.’
ni ʔə čxʷ θəyt? ‘Did you make it?’
ni ct kʷənət. ‘We took it.’
m̓i ce:p pənət! ‘You (pl) come plant it!’

The object noun phrase follows the verb.

     
ni cən q̓pət tə sʔit̓ᶿəm. ‘I gathered the clothes.’
ni ʔə čxʷ θəyt tə leləm̓? ‘Did you fix the house?’
q̓ʷələt ct ceʔ tə sce:łtən. ‘We will cook the salmon.’
k̓ʷecət ce:p tən̓ pipə! ‘You (pl) look at your paper!’

HOMEWORK 16 Transitive Commands

A. Translation

1. x̌əl̓ət k̓ʷəθ kʷix!
2. nem̓ q̓pət tə pəlipə!
3. kʷənət tən̓ x̌əl̓tən!
4. xʷtqet tə xeł!
5. ƛ̓əkʷənt tə həy̓qʷi:n̓!
6. Wipe the table!
7. Bury the box!
8. Take your book!
9. Look at my paper!
10. Come eat your food!

B. Make your own!
Make up three transitive commands.

1.
2.
3.		  

8.5 Vocabulary: mealtime objects and foods.

     
laʔθən ‘plate’
ləpat ‘cup’
łec̓tən ‘knife’
x̌el̓əw̓ (wooden) spoon’, ‘ladle’
šxʷc̓aq̓ʷəl̓s ‘fork’
sce:łtən ‘salmon’
musməs ‘cow’, ‘beef’
kʷəšu ‘pig’, ‘pork’
t̓ᶿət̓ᶿəx̌a:ls ‘egg’, ‘eggs’
ʔi:ks ‘egg’, ‘eggs’
səplin, səplil ‘bread’
sqəwəm ‘First Nations campfire bread’
słap̓ ‘soup’
ƛ̓ełəm ‘salt’
šukʷə ‘sugar’
qaʔ ‘water’
sqewθ ‘potato’
ti ‘tea’
sqəmaʔ ‘milk’
ƛ̓ik̓ʷən̓ ‘peas’
ka:n ‘corn’
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kiks ‘cake’
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st̓ᶿi:m ‘berries’
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8.6 k̓ʷ ‘some’.

The article k̓ʷ is used with an indefinite noun or when there is an indefinite amount of something.

     
pənət k̓ʷ sqewθ! ‘Plant some potatoes!’
q̓pət k̓ʷ t̓ᶿət̓ᶿəx̌a:ls! ‘Gather some eggs!’
nəp̓əx k̓ʷ sce:łtən! ‘Eat some salmon!’

HOMEWORK 17 Transitive Clauses

A. Fill in the blank and translate.

1. q̓ʷələt čxʷ tə __________!
2. __________ čxʷ k̓ʷ sqewθ!
3. θəyt ce:p __________ !
4. __________ čxʷ tə słap̓!
5. t̓ᶿixʷəm ʔiʔ q̓aʔt k̓ʷ __________ !

B. Translation.

1. ni ʔə ce:p c̓əy̓xʷt tə sce:łtən?
2. ni ct q̓pət tə sʔit̓ᶿəm̓.
3. ni cən qʷəl̓st k̓ʷ ƛ̓ik̓ʷən̓.
4. Did you make a house?
5. We added some salt.

C. Questions and Answers.

Answer each question in the affirmative, and then translate.

1. ni ʔə čxʷ q̓ʷələt tə səplil?
2. ni ʔə ce:p kʷənət tə ka:?
3. ni ʔə čxʷ xʷtqet tə xeł?

8.7 -əs third person transitive subject.

When there is a transitive verb with a third person subject, the suffix -əs appears on the verb.

     
ni kʷənətəs. ‘He/she/it took it.’
ni θəytəs. ‘He/she/it fixed it.’
ni yak̓ʷətəs. ‘He/she/it broke it.’

An object noun phrase follows the verb.

Note: When there is just one noun phrase following the verb, it is always interpreted as the object of the sentence, not as the subject. 

     
ni yak̓ʷətəs tə laʔθən. ‘He/she broke the plate.’
ni qʷəl̓stəs tə słap̓. ‘He/she boiled the soup.’
ni θəyqʷtəs tə sqewθ. ‘He/she dug the potatoes.’

Both a subject and an object noun phrase can follow the verb.

     
ni kʷənətəs kʷθə swiw̓ləs kʷθə snəxʷəł. ‘The boy took the canoe.’
ni q̓ʷələtəs łə słeniʔ kʷθə səplin. ‘The woman baked the bread.’
ni θəytəs ʔe:łtən kʷθə leləm̓. ‘They built the house.’

Note: Word order does not really matter. The object noun phrase can precede the subject noun phrase. Speakers know the meaning of a sentence from the context in which it is used.

HOMEWORK 18 Third Person Subjects of Transitives

A. Translation

1. The man bought the salmon.
2. The woman will look at the baby boy.
3. My little brother took my book.
4. Did your grandmother plant some potatoes?
5. Your father will fry some eggs.
6. Did your big sister close the door?
7. My husband will wipe the table.
8. The children ate the berries.

B. In your own words!
Make up four sentences that each contain two noun phrases.

1.

2.

3.

4.

HOMEWORK 19 Sentence Patterns Review

1. Will you (pl) take the car?
2. Did they take the car?
3. I already took it.
4. Did he take it?
5. Did you (pl) take it?
6. Are you (pl) going to take it?
7. He’s going to take the car.
8. We indeed took it.
9. I’m going to take the car.

Unit 8 Interactive Workbook