Plant vocabulary

Trailing Blackberry	sk̓ʷí·lməxʷ	sqw’il’muxw	Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.	The flowers are white or pink. Blackberries and are edible Ecology common and often abundant on disturbed sites thicket and dry Some coast salish have an origin myth for trailing blackberry. A woman was chased up a tree by a jealous husband. The blood of the women fell from the tree and became blackberry. Tea made with the dried leaves, was thought to best be collected in the fall when they turn red. The leaves and roots were used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, excessive menstruation, fevers, hemorrhoids and sores in the mouth. The leaves were added to bitter medicine to sweeten the flavor The fresh berries were harvested in july and eaten immediately or dried for winter storage.
Tule Bulrush	wî·l̓	woo:l’	Scirpus acutus Muhl. in Bigel, S. validus Vahl
Camas	spé·nxʷ	spe:nxw	Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats., C. quamash (Pursh) Greene
Carrot	xéwəq	shewuq	Daucus carota L. (original native species unidentified)
Bitter Cherry Tree	t̓ələməłp	t’ulum (bark) / t’ulumulhp (tree)	Prunus emarginata (Dougl.) Walp
Cow-Parsnip Plant	sá·q̓ʷ	sa:qw’ (plant) / ya:la’ (edible part)	Heracleum lanatum Michx.
Cow-Parsnip Flowering Stalk	yálaʔ
Bog Cranberry	qʷəmcá·l̓s	mal’sum’ / qwum’tsal’s (serviceberry?)	Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.
Desert-Parsley	q̓əx̌mín	q’uxhmin	Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose
Devil’s Club	qʷáʔpəłp	qwa’pulhp	Oplopanax horridus (Smith) Miq.	The flowers small whitish The fruit bright red flattened shinny berries Ecology moist wood, especially in wet but well-drained seepage sites along streams The roots and especially the freenish inner bark were the major parts used for medicine numerous ailments, arthritis, ulcers and digestive tract ailments and diabetes. Devil club sticks are used as protective charms and the charcoal form burned devils club is used to make protective face paint for dancers, they are also inserted under the skin for the blue tattoo. Squamish used devils club in hot baths and colds and púverized the bark for use as a deodorant. Were rubbed on the scalp to combat lice and dandruff and to make hair shiny. The inner bark was to cure rheumatism and tuberculosis of the bone Also aches and pain. Treatment of measles.
Blue Elderberry Fruit	t̓ᶿíkʷəkʷ	th’uykwikw (fruit)	Sambucus cerulea Raf.	Elderberry flowers contain flavenoids and rutin, which are known to improve immune function, particularly in combination with vitamin C. The flowers also contain tannins, which account for its traditional use to reduce bleeding, diarrhea, and congestion.
Blue Elderberry Bush	t̓ᶿíkʷəkʷəłp
Red Elderberry Fruit	t̓ᶿíwəq̓	th’iwuq’ (fruit)	Sambucus racemosa L.
Red Elderberry Bush	t̓ᶿíwəq̓əłp
Bracken Fern	ptékʷəm	suqe:n ~ thuqe:n	Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn	Ecology meadows, roadsides, clearings Bracken fern leaves were used as protective plant layers in traditional pit oven. To cook, then chewed the rhizomes and spat out the remnants to be used for tinder when dry. The rhizomes were harvested in summer or fall and eaten by nearly all coast people. They were generally eaten with fish eggs or oil. CAUTION despite used by aboriginal people you should not eat these plants… has been implicated in livestock poisoning and stomach cancer.
Licorice Fern	ƛ̓əsípəłp ~ ƛ̓əšípəłp	tl’usip	Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eaton
Sword Fern	sθx̌éləm	sthxhelum	Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) K.B. Presl.
Bracket Fungus	šxʷəm̓áqʷəs	tuw’tuw’uluqup	Various species of Fomes, Fomitopsis, Ganoderma, etc.
Common Horsetail	x̌ə́m̓x̌əm̓	xhum’xhum’	Equisetum arvense L.	Ecology on wide variety of soils, in moist to wet forests meadows, swamps.
Red Huckleberry	sk̓ʷə́qʷcəs	sqw’uqwcus (fruit and/or shrub)	Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. in Rees	Flowers are greenish- yellow or pinkish Fruits bright-red and they are round Ecology coniferous forest often at forest edge or under canopy opening soil rich in decaying wood often stumps or logs They are used for fish bait in streams. Eaten fresh When gathered the are either dried slightly like raisins, mashed and dried into cakes for winter use or soaked in grease oil They juice of the berry are consumed as a beverage to stimulate the appetite or as mouthwash The leaves and bark were used in a decoction that was gargle for sore throats and inflamed gums.
Bladderwrack Kelp	ɬə́q̓əs	qw’aqwuqw	Fucus gardneri Silva
Bull Kelp	q̓ám̓	q’am’	Nereocystis
Labrador Tea	méʔxʷəłp	me’xwulhp	Ledum groenlandicum Oeder
Stinging Nettle	t̓ᶿə́x̌t̓ᶿəx̌	th’uxhthuxh	Urtica dioica L.	Flowers greenish tiny Fruits flattened Ecology meadows thickets stream banks open forest The leaves can be cooked and eaten as greens when young called indian spinach the young leaves and stems were eaten by both coastal and interior tribes. Its a great sources of fiber to make fishing nets, snars and tumplines. Nettles can be used as a general spring tonic they would drink it around march and eat mugwort in may
Nodding Onion	q̓ʷəx̌ʷíʔəc	qw’uxwi’uc	Allium cernuum Roth in Roem
Dull Oregon-Grape	lə́ləc̓əłp	luluc’ulhp	Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nu
Tall Oregon-Grape	sə́ney̓əłp	suni’ulhp	Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.
Peas	ƛ̓ik̓ʷən̓	tl’ikw’un’	Pisum sativum
Common Plantain	słéwən ƛ̓ pipa·m	sxhu’enxwe:n	Plantago major L.
Rose Bush	qelqəłp
Rose Hip	qélq	qel’q (hip) / qel’qulhp (shrub)	Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt. in T.&G., R. nutkana Presl var. nutkana, R. pisocarpa A. Gray
Salal Fruit	t̓éqeʔ	t’eqe’ (fruit) / t’eqe’ulhp (shrub)	Gaultheria shallon Pursh
Salal Bush	t̓éqeʔəłp
Salmonberry Fruit	lílaʔ	lila’ (fruit) / lila’ulhp (bush)	Rubus spectabilis Pursh	Fruit is yellow or reddish The berries are eaten by all Some groups mixed the berries in oolichan grease pr dried salmon spawn and the berries were often eaten with salmon. Are one of the earliest berries to ripen around may- june “ the ripening of salmonberries os associated with the song of swainson’s thrush called salmon bird
Salmonberry Bush	lílaʔałp			They young sprouts were gathered in early spring through early summer. The sprouts were peeled and eaten raw. They have a sweet and juicy flavour. They were also steam sometimes
Edible Seaweed	ɬə́q̓əs	lhuq’us	Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy (formerly considered to be P. perforata J. Agardh.) and possibly other Porphyra spp.
Skunk Cabbage	c̓áʔk̓ʷaʔ	c’aqwa’	Lysichiton americanum Hult. & St. John
Soapberry	sx̌ʷésəm	sxhwesum (fruit) / xhwesumulhp (bush)	Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.
Spirea/Hardhack	t̓ˆe·c̓əłp	t’ec’ulhp	Spiraea douglasii Hook.
Coastal Strawberry Fruit	sc̓íy̓eʔ	st’ilukw’ (Nanaimo, fruit) / st’ilukw’ulhp (Nanaimo, plant) / 3sciy’u (fruit) / sc’iy’u’ulhp (plant)	Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch., F. vesca L., and F. virginiana Duch.
Coastal Strawberry Bush	sc̓íy̓eʔəɬp
Thimbleberry Fruit	t̓qʷə́m	t’uqwum (fruit)	Rubus parviflorus Nutt.
Thimbleberry Bush	t̓qʷə́məłp
Wapato	x̌ʷc̓əq̓ʷə́wl̓s	sqewth (just potato)	Sagittaria latifolia
Waxberry/Snowberry	qəwéwəłp	p’i’p’q’i’as (fruit)	Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake
Fireweed	x̌ecət		Chamaenerion angustifolium
Catchweed, Bed Straw	həmʔq̓ʷiyaʔsəm		Galium aparine
Mushroom	k̓ʷəm̓cəl̕iʔkʷ	kwumsuli’qw	Agaricus campestris
Lichen	siyəqíməws
Bracket Fungus	sxʷəm̓áqʷəs	tuw’tuw’uluqup (tree fungus)	Polyporaceae
Kinnikinnick	ƛíƛʷənəɬp		Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Cat’s Ear	xʷəlál̕əl̕ptən̓		Hypochaeris radicata	Flowers heads are yellow Fruit Ecology roadside, lawns pastures disturbed areas Smooth cat’s ear is invasive plant that came from europe
Cattail	st̕ᶿéʔqən		Typha latifolia	Flowers are tiny females are longer and are more brown Males are more are coned shaped Ecology are in marshes, ponds, lake shores and wet diches Can weave with the leaves and bulrushes into mat for bedding or sitting, or for kneeling on the canoes or insulation for winter homes or capes or hats or blankets and bags the seed flush can be used for stuffing pillows or mattresses, as a wound dressing and for dippears
Orange Honeysuckle	q̓ə́t̕q̓ət̕aʔ	q’it’a’ulhp	Lonicera ciliosa
Giant Horsetail, Scouring Rush	xʷqʷə́l̕ə	sxumxum	Equisetum telmateia
Beard Moss	sməx̌tə́ləs		Usnea rubicunda
Swamp Dogwood	q̓ʷəšíʔəɬp	shkwitth’stalus and kwi’txulhp	Cornus foemina
Yellow Pond Lily	q̓ʷə́mətx̌ʷ		Nuphar lutea
White Straw Grass	t̕ᶿex̌əy̓	saxwul (grass)
Field Sorrel	t̕əléʔt̕ət̕ᶿəm		Rumex acetosella
Western Dock	t̕əmásə		Rumex aquaticus L.
Wild Chamomile, Pineapple Weed	sθxʷelqsəltən		Matricaria discoidea	Flower heads are yellowish green Fruit Ecology roadside, disturbed soils Has a distinct of pineapple when crushed up stuffing for sachets and pillows
Indian Plum	məɬxʷəɬ		Oemleria cerasiformis	Ecology dried moist, open woods, streambanks, open areas Eaten as cooked or dried. People feasting on Indian plum were not allowed to drink water. The twigs were chewed and applied to soar places, sometimes burned and mixed with fish oil before applied to soar places. Some places made bark tea as a purgative and tonic
Fritillaria Lily	ƛələq̓ʷ		Fritillaria Liliaceae
Tobacco	spaƛ̓əm	sp’atl’um	Nicotiana tabacum
Foxglove	x̌ʷəx̌ʷaʔa:s		Digitalis purpurea
Wild Grass	sax̌ʷəl	saxwul (grass)	Panicum virgatum
Juniper	pəc̓əmeʔəɬp	p’tth’une’lhp	Juniperus communis
Red Clover	łəłxʷeʔləw̓s		Trifolium pratense	Flower white or pinkish – red flower heads Ecology disturbed sites
Dandelion	qʷeyəwəl		Taraxacum officinale	Flowers are yellow Ecology are invasive weedy species The young leaves are weather cooked or eaten raw and also make a good vegetable green cooked roots can also be eaten as a vegetable or dried and ground for use as a coffee substitute. The flowers can be used a dandelion wine and the whole flower can be used to brew your own beer
Bleeding Heart	səɬa:ɬəx̌ʷəm		Lamprocapnos spectabilis

Plant vocabulary activities

Plant ID flashcards