Consonants


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The 36 Hun’q’umi’num’ consonants

LabialDentalAlveolarLateralPalatalVelarLabialized
velar
UvularLabialized
Uvular
Glottal
Stopsptkqʔ
Glottalized stopsk̓ʷq̓ʷ
Affricatescč
Glottalized affricatest̓ᶿƛ̓
Fricativesθsłšxx̌ʷh
Resonantsmnlyw
Glottalized resonants

Have toggle box below table where there is there are two options to select between:
All [no colour, as above]
Consonants not in English [highlight certain cells in the chart in yellow]

LabialDentalAlveolarLateralPalatalVelarLabialized
velar
UvularLabialized
Uvular
Glottal
Stopsptkqʔ
Glottalized stopsk̓ʷq̓ʷ
Affricatescč
Glottalized affricatest̓ᶿƛ̓
Fricativesθsłšxx̌ʷh
Resonantsmnlyw
Glottalized resonants

*Have each cell in the table when clicked on link to a new page, where the term or sound will be defined, illustrated, exemplified

Manners of articulation

Stopsconsonants in which the airflow is completely stopped or blocked at the place of articulation by the tongue, lips, or vocal folds.
Fricativesconsonants in which air is forced through a narrow opening, causing friction.
Affricatessequences of a stop immediately followed by a fricative, but behaving as a single sound: for example, t̓ᶿ is sort of like t̓ + θ, c is sort of like t + s, č is sort of like t + š.
Resonantconsonants involving less obstruction than a fricative: nasals (m, n), liquid (l), glides (y, w).

Secondary articulations, co-articulated with consonants

Glottalizedproduced with glottal articulation (a “catch in the throat”) as well as oral articulation, written with an apostrophe < ̓> on top of the sound, for example m̓ = m with a glottal catch. Glottalized resonants typically have the catch in the after the resonant, but maybe have in before when they follow a stressed, non-long vowel (see Glottalized resonants for details [link to glottalized resonants timing lesson page]). Glottalized stops use the catch in the throat a little bit differently, and have it during the stop to help increase the air pressure in the mouth and give the stop a “poppy” quality.
Labializedproduced with rounded lips, written with a superscript w <ʷ> after the consonant’s letter, for example qʷ = q with rounded lips. Note that while the ʷ is written after the letter, you should round your lips throughout the sound.